Compliance & Data

ACA compliance means meeting Affordable Care Act rules, which require large US employers to offer affordable health…

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) is a US federal law that prohibits employment discrimination against…

Adverse action is any hiring decision that negatively affects a candidate based on a background check, which US law…

Adverse impact (also called disparate impact) occurs when a recruitment or selection practice that appears neutral in…

The Apprenticeship Levy is a UK charge on employers with a large annual pay bill, paid into a digital account to fund…

An audit log is a timestamped, append-only record of every action in a system: who did what, when and from where. It is…

Ban the Box refers to laws and employer policies that remove the criminal history checkbox from initial job application…

CIPD is the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, the UK and Ireland professional body for HR, whose…

The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS), or furlough, was the UK scheme from March 2020 to September 2021 that…

COBRA is the US federal law requiring employers with 20+ employees to offer departing workers and dependents continued…

A Certificate of Sponsorship is the record a licensed UK sponsor assigns to a specific role and worker, needed for a…

Chapter 10 is the UK off-payroll working rule, in force since April 2017, that makes public sector bodies decide the…

Chapter 8 is the UK off-payroll rule, in force since April 2021, that makes medium and large private sector clients…

Check Employment Status for Tax (CEST) is HMRC's online tool that rules a UK worker employed, self-employed or…

The Conduct Regulations are the Conduct of Employment Agencies and Employment Businesses Regulations 2003, the legal…

Connected entities are companies where one controls the other or both share a controller, treated together for rules…

A consumer report is a background check on a candidate obtained through a third-party agency, which triggers US Fair…

A consumer reporting agency (CRA) is a company that regularly assembles information on individuals and supplies it to…

Under the GDPR, a data controller is the entity that decides why and how personal data is processed, such as an…

A data controller decides why and how personal data is processed. A data processor handles it on the controller's…

Data encryption converts readable data into ciphertext with a cryptographic key, protecting information at rest and in…

A Data Processing Agreement (DPA) is the contract between a data controller and processor that GDPR Article 28 requires…

A data processor is an entity that handles personal data on a controller's behalf and instructions, such as an ATS or…

Data residency is the physical or legal jurisdiction where data is stored and processed, which sets the privacy laws…

Data retention and deletion policies set how long personal data is kept and what happens afterwards, as the GDPR…

The deemed employer is the party HMRC makes responsible for deciding IR35 status and running PAYE for an off-payroll…

Digital immigration status is the online record, proved with a share code, that EU Settlement Scheme holders use to…

Drug testing in employment is the screening of candidates or workers for the presence of controlled substances as a…

The Dutch 30% ruling is a Netherlands tax benefit letting employers pay qualifying skilled foreign hires up to 30% of…

E-Verify is a US federal web-based system that allows employers to electronically confirm the employment eligibility of…

Employment Allowance is a UK tax relief that cuts an eligible employer's employer National Insurance bill by up to…

Equal employment opportunity (EEO) is the principle that all employment decisions — hiring, promotion, compensation,…

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the US federal agency responsible for enforcing federal laws…

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the US federal agency that enforces workplace anti-discrimination…

Equal treatment under the UK Agency Workers Regulations gives agency workers the same basic pay and conditions as…

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) is a US federal law that regulates how consumer reporting agencies collect and…

FICA, the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, is the US payroll tax funding Social Security and Medicare, paid in…

FUTA, the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, is a US employer-paid tax on the first $7,000 of each employee's wages, reduced…

In UK IR35 rules, the fee-payer is the party paying the worker's company directly, who must deduct PAYE and National…

Form 1095-C is a US form on which Applicable Large Employers tell the IRS if they offered full-time staff health…

Form 1099-MISC is the US tax form for reporting certain miscellaneous payments, such as rents and royalties, but not…

Form 1099-NEC is the US tax form reporting payments of $600 or more to independent contractors for services, due to the…

Form I-9 is the US form employers use to verify each new hire's identity and work authorization, completed by both the…

GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is the EU law that governs how organisations collect, store, use, and delete…

HIPAA is the US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which binds healthcare staffing firms as business…

Holiday pay in the UK is the statutory entitlement to normal pay during annual leave, set by the Working Time…

ISO 27001 is the international standard for information security management systems, certifying that an organization…

Independent contractor compliance is the process of verifying that workers engaged as 1099 contractors genuinely meet…

An investigative consumer report (ICR) is a US background check under the Fair Credit Reporting Act that triggers extra…

A labour supply chain is the network of agencies and suppliers providing a client's workers, with legal and…

National Insurance (NI) is the UK system funding state benefits, the NHS, and the state pension, affecting contractor…

National Insurance Contributions (NICs) are UK payments due under the NI system, with the class paid depending on…

The National Minimum Wage (NMW) is the UK's legally required minimum hourly pay, set by age band. Paying below it is a…

The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) is the US agency that enforces equal employment opportunity…

OSHA is the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which treats staffing agencies as joint employers sharing…

Off-payroll working, known as IR35, is UK tax legislation deciding whether a contractor using a personal service…

A P11D is the UK form employers file with HMRC to report benefits in kind provided to workers, with Class 1A National…

A P45 is the UK document proving a worker's tax position on leaving an employer, carrying their tax code and…

A P60 is the UK document showing how much a worker earned and paid in tax over a complete tax year, used for mortgages,…

Pay As You Earn (PAYE) is the UK system where employers deduct income tax and National Insurance Contributions from pay…

The Posted Workers Directive is EU law requiring workers sent temporarily to another member state to get the host…

A pre-adverse action notice is the written warning a US employer sends a candidate before acting on a negative…

A preferred supplier list (PSL) is a vetted roster of staffing agencies an organisation has approved to supply…

The REC (Recruitment and Employment Confederation) is the UK trade body for recruitment agencies, and its membership is…

Reasonable care under IR35 is the standard a UK end client or fee-payer must meet in status determinations, or HMRC can…

The right to be forgotten is a person's right under GDPR Article 17 to have their personal data erased, which agencies…

A right to work check is the document check UK employers must make under the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act…

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a security model granting system permissions by role, not individually, deciding…

SCIM is the open standard for cross-domain identity management that automates creating, updating, and deleting user…

SOC 2 is an AICPA auditing standard that reports how a service organisation protects customer data against criteria…

SSO (single sign-on) lets users authenticate once through a central identity provider and reach all connected…

SUTA is the State Unemployment Tax Act contribution US employers pay into state unemployment funds, at a rate set by…

Schedule C is the US tax form where sole proprietors and single-member LLC owners report business profit or loss,…

Self-employment tax is the US tax through which self-employed individuals pay both the employer and employee shares of…

The Skilled Worker visa is the UK route that lets licensed sponsors employ eligible non-UK, non-Irish nationals in…

A Status Determination Statement is the written decision, with reasons, that an end client issues under UK off-payroll…

Supervision, direction and control (SDC) is the UK HMRC test of whether a client oversees how, when and where a worker…

Tax withholding is the US system where employers deduct income tax, Social Security and Medicare from paychecks and…

Unemployment insurance eligibility is the set of state rules, within a joint federal-state program, that decide if a…

The W-4 is the IRS form US employees complete on starting a job to tell their employer how much federal income tax to…

The WARN Act (Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act) is a US federal law requiring employers with 100 or…

Whistleblower protection is the set of legal and procedural safeguards that prevent employers from retaliating against…

The Working Time Regulations 1998 set UK legal limits on working hours, mandatory rest periods and paid annual leave…